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Category: Feline
Feline pancreatitis
Feline pancreatitis
AffectedAnimals:
Pancreatitis can occur in cats of all ages. It can affect cats of both sexes and all breeds, but one study found a relatively higher incidence of pancreatitis in Siamese cats.
Overview:
Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas, is difficult to diagnose. This is because cats with pancreatitis show signs that are not specific. Since there are no non-invasive tests that can confirm the presence of pancreatitis, the diagnosis is often tentative at best. The most common symptoms reported with pancreatitis are lethargy, loss of appetite, dehydration, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Screening blood tests may be normal, but will more often show non-specific changes including elevated white blood cell count, mild anemia, elevated kidney and liver values, abnormal glucose concentrations, and abnormal electrolyte concentrations. The serum concentrations of amylase and lipase, the most commonly measured pancreatic enzymes, are not reliable in the diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats. X-ray and ultrasound findings also are not specific. However, these studies may be helpful in raising the suspicion for a diagnosis of pancreatitis. They may also help eliminate other potential causes for similar symptoms in affected cats. Biopsy of the pancreas is required for a definitive diagnosis. However, because the risks associated with biopsy often outweigh the benefits, it is seldom performed.
Treatment for pancreatitis is usually supportive and symptomatic in nature. Therapeutic goals include allowing time for the inflammation in the pancreas to resolve, preventing complications, and addressing those complications when they occur. Surgery may be indicated if abscess formation or bile duct obstruction occurs.
The outlook for pancreatitis depends on the severity of the disease. Most cats survive with supportive treatment. Severely affected animals may require intensive care for several days or weeks. Nutritional support is critical for all feline patients with pancreatitis since fatty liver syndrome frequently occurs. The most severely affected cats may die despite all attempts at treatment. Since it may take time for a clearer picture to emerge with an individual cat, it may be best to start treatment when pancreatitis is suspected, and to see how the condition progresses.
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